Answer: E. All of the above
Urgent diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD is crucial to minimize the possibility of future attacks and potentially permanent disability.1-3 Without treatment, 4 out of 10 patients may become legally blind in at least 1 eye, and 2 out of 10 patients may require a cane at 5 years after onset.4
Answer: E. All of the above
Urgent diagnosis and treatment of NMOSD is crucial to minimize the possibility of future attacks and potentially permanent disability.1-3 Without treatment, 4 out of 10 patients may become legally blind in at least 1 eye, and 2 out of 10 patients may require a cane at 5 years after onset.4
Answer: A. True
NMOSD is thought to be caused in part by AQP4 autoantibody production in plasmablasts and plasma cells.1,2 AQP4 is a primary target of attack in B-cell driven immune dysregulation.1,2
Answer: A. True
NMOSD is thought to be caused in part by AQP4 autoantibody production in plasmablasts and plasma cells.1,2 AQP4 is a primary target of attack in B-cell driven immune dysregulation.1,2
Answer: A. 90%
Up to 90% of untreated patients suffer repeat attacks.1 The time from correct diagnosis to a patient’s first maintenance treatment for NMOSD can take up to 11 years.2 Expediting the referral process can shorten the time between initial presentation of NMOSD and long-term treatment while reducing damage from attacks.2-5
Answer: A. 90%
Up to 90% of untreated patients suffer repeat attacks.1 The time from correct diagnosis to a patient’s first maintenance treatment for NMOSD can take up to 11 years.2 Expediting the referral process can shorten the time between initial presentation of NMOSD and long-term treatment while reducing damage from attacks.2-5
Answer: B. Multiple sclerosis
Four out of 10 patients with NMOSD are initially misdiagnosed with multiple sclerosis.1 Misdiagnosis leads to ineffective treatment, leaving patients vulnerable to potentially permanent disability.2 Some treatments for MS can exacerbate NMOSD (such as with S1P receptor modulators), which can lead to adverse outcomes such as increased attack frequency and worsening symptoms.2,3
Answer: B. Multiple sclerosis
Four out of 10 patients with NMOSD are initially misdiagnosed with multiple sclerosis.1 Misdiagnosis leads to ineffective treatment, leaving patients vulnerable to potentially permanent disability.2 Some treatments for MS can exacerbate NMOSD (such as with S1P receptor modulators), which can lead to adverse outcomes such as increased attack frequency and worsening symptoms.2,3
Answer: D. All of the above
Efficacy, side effects, dosing, and safety should all be considered when starting treatment. According to a panel of experts at ECTRIMS 2022, severe relapses, serious treatment-related adverse events, and patient preference for another therapy should all warrant switching NMOSD treatment.1,2
Answer: D. All of the above
Efficacy, side effects, dosing, and safety should all be considered when starting treatment. According to a panel of experts at ECTRIMS 2022, severe relapses, serious treatment-related adverse events, and patient preference for another therapy should all warrant switching NMOSD treatment.1,2
Answer: C, D. Fatigue, Pain
More than 70% of patients with NMOSD considered their quality of life to be greatly affected. When asked which activities NMOSD interferes with “all or most of the time,” patients mentioned work (59%), walking outside (42%), and social activities (42%).1
Answer: C, D. Fatigue, Pain
More than 70% of patients with NMOSD considered their quality of life to be greatly affected. When asked which activities NMOSD interferes with “all or most of the time,” patients mentioned work (59%), walking outside (42%), and social activities (42%).1
Answer: A. True
Monitoring treatment efficacy should be a part of any long-term NMOSD treatment plan.1 An MRI may help discriminate relapses from pseudorelapses and determine if a change in therapy is needed.2,3
Answer: A. True
Monitoring treatment efficacy should be a part of any long-term NMOSD treatment plan.1 An MRI may help discriminate relapses from pseudorelapses and determine if a change in therapy is needed.2,3